C语言中_string.h库函数功能及其用法详解

  目录

  一、前言

  在计算机编程中,字符串处理是一项常见而重要的任务。C语言的string.h头文件提供了一系列函数和工具,用于对字符串进行操作和处理。这些函数包括字符串复制、连接、比较、查找等功能,为开发人员提供了强大的字符串处理能力。本文将对string.h头文件中的所有函数进行全面介绍,包括它们的功能和使用方法,以帮助大家更好地理解和利用该头文件。

  二、函数介绍

  下面是对每个函数的详细介绍及其功能。

  【1】strlen(const char *str)

  【2】strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)

  【3】strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)

  【4】strcat(char *dest, const char *src)

  【5】strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)

  【6】strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2)

  【7】strncmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t n)

  【8】strchr(const char *str, int c)

  【9】strrchr(const char *str, int c)

  【10】strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle)

  【11】strtok(char *str, const char *delim)

  【12】memset(void *ptr, int value, size_t num)

  【13】memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t num)

  【14】memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t num)

  【15】memcmp(const void *ptr1, const void *ptr2, size_t num)

  【16】memchr(const void *ptr, int value, size_t num)

  【17】memmove_s(void *dest, rsize_t destsz, const void *src, rsize_t count)

  三、代码示例

  以下是对每个函数的用法示例:

  【1】strlen(const char *str):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  const char *str = "Hello, world!";

  int length = strlen(str);

  printf("The length of the string is: %d

  ", length);

  return 0;

  }

  【2】strcpy(char *dest, const char *src):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  char dest[20];

  const char *src = "Hello, world!";

  strcpy(dest, src);

  printf("The copied string is: %s

  ", dest);

  return 0;

  }

  【3】strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  char dest[20];

  const char *src = "Hello, world!";

  strncpy(dest, src, 5);

  dest[5] = '0'; // Ensure null-termination

  printf("The copied string is: %s

  ", dest);

  return 0;

  }

  【4】strcat(char *dest, const char *src):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  char dest[20] = "Hello";

  const char *src = ", world!";

  strcat(dest, src);

  printf("The concatenated string is: %s

  ", dest);

  return 0;

  }

  【5】strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  char dest[20] = "Hello";

  const char *src = ", world!";

  strncat(dest, src, 3);

  dest[8] = '0'; // Ensure null-termination

  printf("The concatenated string is: %s

  ", dest);

  return 0;

  }

  【6】strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  const char *str1 = "apple";

  const char *str2 = "banana";

  int result = strcmp(str1, str2);

  if (result < 0) {

  printf("str1 is less than str2

  ");

  } else if (result > 0) {

  printf("str1 is greater than str2

  ");

  } else {

  printf("str1 is equal to str2

  ");

  }

  return 0;

  }

  【7】strncmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t n):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  const char *str1 = "apple";

  const char *str2 = "application";

  int result = strncmp(str1, str2, 3);

  if (result < 0) {

  printf("str1 is less than str2

  ");

  } else if (result > 0) {

  printf("str1 is greater than str2

  ");

  } else {

  printf("str1 is equal to str2

  ");

  }

  return 0;

  }

  【8】strchr(const char *str, int c):

  #include

  #include

  ​

  int main() {

  const char *str = "Hello, world!";

  char *ptr = strchr(str, 'o');

  if (ptr != NULL) {

  printf("The first occurrence of 'o' is at index: %ld

  ", ptr - str);

  } else {

  printf("The character 'o' is not found

  ");

  }

  return 0;

  }

  【9】strrchr(const char *str, int c):

  #include

  #include

  int main() {

  const char *str = "Hello, world!";

  char *ptr = strrchr(str, 'o');

  if (ptr != NULL) {

  printf("The last occurrence of 'o' is at index: %ld

  ", ptr - str);

  } else {

  printf("The character 'o' is not found

  ");

  }

  return 0;

  }

  【10】strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle):

  #include

  #include

  int main() {

  const char *haystack = "Hello, world!";

  const char *needle = "world";

  char *ptr = strstr(haystack, needle);

  if (ptr != NULL) {

  printf("The substring '%s' is found at index: %ld

  ", needle, ptr - haystack);

  } else {

  printf("The substring '%s' is not found

  ", needle);

  }

  return 0;

  }

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